Boston Beer Company Essay Example for Free

Boston Beer Company Essay 1.Evaluate the attractiveness of the craft beer segment relative to the market space occupied by the traditional Big Three. (tip: use the Five Forces framework). a.High Threat of new competition: over 600 of specialty beer companies were founded over the past five years, approximately 40% growth each years. In addition, the existence of contract brewing companies lead to low entry cost. b.High substitution: The attractiveness of craft brewing industry are majorly based on unique styles and flavors of beer. there are many different brands and styles of beer so the actual threat of substitutes is high. c.The intensity of competitive rivalry is also high: while there is a major growth of new entry, the market size shows little growth. This creates tremendous competitive pressures among the industry. d.Bargaining power of buyers: Switching cost for buyers are low, as there are many different substitution and options. companies has to consistently maintain high quality in order to retain customers. e.Bargaining power of suppliers: switching cost for suppliers are high for the traditional Big Three, as their supplies are tied to their own brewies. Craft brewing companies has the option of switch breweries in a relatively low cost, as the suppliers know they have options to supply other breweries. This allows them to charge higher prices than the big three. 2.Evaluate Boston Beers business model relative to Redhook and Petes, comparing their business models with respect to specific activities such as procurement, brewing, distribution, and marketing. BBC’s strategy of producing the highest quality of products, the company pursued four initiatives: high quality standards, contract brewing, intensive sales and marketing, and product line innovations. Unlike BBC and Pete’s, redhook relies on its own breweries. Redhook also established a strategic alliance with Anheuser-Busch whereby Redhook products were sold through the nation-wide network of 700 distributorships in exchange for a 25% equity stake in the company. \Similar to BBC, Pete’s operates on a contract brewing basis and stress heavily on marketing. In retrospect, BBC intended to remain a contract brewer exclusively, capitalizing on lower overhead and transportation costs while continuing to invest heavily in its branded products. Redhook believed that its long-term growth and profitability were best served by assembling the largest company-owned production capacity of any domestic craft brewer, guaranteeing production capacity in more than one geographic region of the United States. Redhook also made a substantial investment in distribution, gaining access to Anheuser Busch’s nation-wide network of resellers. Pete’s, on the other hand, appeared to be following a combination of these two strategies by producing its products at both company-owned and third-party breweries. 3.How realistic analysts long-term growth forecasts (25% to 40% for the craft-brewing segment)? Based on the porter five forces analysis, the craft brewing segment has many advantages over the traditional big three, which explains the 40% growth rate. However the large number of new entries companies has already created a tremendous amount of competitions among its own, which retard the long term growth in my opinion and makes the forecasts of 25% to 40% seem unrealistic. 4.What do you recommend to Boston Beer? a.While the US market size remains somewhat stable. By exporting globally, will introduce BBC to new markets and additional sales b.Forming strategic alliance will help combat the increasing competition among industries.

Literature Review: Looked After Children

Literature Review: Looked After Children Looked after children is the legislative term for children and young people in public care introduced in the 1989 Children Act and includes children who are subject to supervision and live with family members as well as looked after and accommodated children who live with foster carers or in residential schools or care homes. (Scottish Executive 2007) The Children (Scotland) Act 1995 adopted the term looked after, taking a lead from the earlier Children Act 1989 in England and Wales, because the expression in care had become pejorative and stigmatising. (Connelly, Seibelt and Furnivall 2008) These children have a right to expect to achieve the same educational outcomes the Government want for every child -to develop the knowledge, skills and attributes they will need if they are to succeed in life, learning and work, now and in the future. (Scottish Executive 2004 to date) (Department For Children, Schools And Families 2010) To allow LAC to achieve these outcomes successfully, local authorities as corporate parents (meaning the formal and local partnerships needed between all local authority departments and services, and associated agencies, who are responsible for working together to meet the needs of looked after children and young people) should demonstrate the strongest commitment to helping every child to achieve the highest educational standards he or she possibly can. (Scottish Executive 2007) Looked after children and young people face many barriers to their success in education. We take these children into care to improve their life chances, though some do well, despite the difficulties faced in other aspects of their lives, the educational achievement of looked after children as a group remains unacceptably low. (Department For Children, Schools And Families 2010) (Scottish Executive 2007)(Connelly and Chakrabarti 2008) (Department For Children, Schools And Families 2009)(Coulling 2000) Table 1 shows both information about the expected levels for most children at different school stages and also a comparison between the assessed levels for looked after children and non-looked after children nationally in 2003. This information has only been made available publicly once and is no longer collected as a result of the developments associated with Curriculum for Excellence. The table shows clearly the overall low achievement of looked after pupils compared with their non-looked after peers. Table 1: National Assessment Data 2003 (Scottish Government 2004) School stage Level attained English Reading English Reading English Writing English Writing Maths Maths Not LAC LAC Not LAC LAC Not LAC LAC P2 A or above 52% 29% 42% 20% 76% 57% P3 A or above 88% 74% 85% 69% 95% 89% P4 B or above 81% 56% 75% 50% 79% 52% P5 B or above 92% 73% 88% 64% 92% 73% P6 C or above 86% 59% 75% 40% 80% 46% P7 D or above 73% 34% 60% 20% 69% 24% However, as stated by the Scottish Government, this information is not complete. It only contains information from two thirds of local authority areas. Lack of complete data on Looked after Children is an issue spoken about frequently in articles and reports. (Jacklin, Robinson, and Torrance 2006) However, it is believed that the overall trends, which show a widening of the attainment gap between children who are and are not looked after, with each school stage, are accurate. The Social Exclusion Units report A Better Education for Children in Care (2003) identified five key reasons why looked after children underachieve in education: their lives are characterised by instability; they spend too much time out of school; they do not have sufficient help with their education if they fall behind; primary carers are not expected or equipped to provide sufficient support and encouragement for learning and development; and they have unmet emotional, mental and physical health needs that impact on their education These reasons are mirrored in other reports (Scottish Executive date unknown)(Scottish Government 2008)(Connelly, Seibelt and Furnivall 2008) but these also suggest that some LAC face so many difficulties in their lives that schooling seems to be of low priority to them and to the agencies providing support. They suggest that schooling is also often given insufficient priority when making and reviewing care plans. Despite the common perception in society that children in care are simply uninterested in learning, the vast majority (97 per cent) consider education important, with nearly two-thirds (61 per cent) giving future employment as the reason8. Many enjoy school, with around a third (35 per cent) identifying specific subjects or learning as their favourite aspect. (Social Exclusion Unit 2003) The stigma of being looked after can cause isolation, low self-esteem, difficulty in making friends, and bullying. Frequent moves of placement and school disrupt education. Difficult life events can affect concentration and the ability to make relationships. School can, potentially, be a very good and consistent experience for a looked after child or young person. (Scottish Executive date unknown) The children and young people themselves invariably say that education and educational attainment are important to them. They understand that how well they do at school with have an impact in their achievements in adulthood. (Scottish Government 2008) However, not all children in care have good experiences of school. They are 10 times more likely than others to be permanently excluded from school. Over a third say they have been excluded at some point. Six out of 10 say they have been bullied at school compared to roughly one in six of all children. One in eight missed five or more weeks schooling in 2001-2. (Social Exclusion Unit 2003) We believe the current levels of educational attainment can be transformed if the system is changed so that the joint efforts of all those who care about the learning of these children can have their maximum effect. (Department For Children, Schools And Families 2009) Executive, S., 2007. Looked after Children Young People : We can and must do Better. (Scottish Executive 2004 to date) Department For Children, S.A.F., 2010. Promoting the Educational Achievement of Looked After Children Statutory Guidance for Local Authorities, Connelly, G. Chakrabarti, M., 2008. Improving the educational experience of children and young people in public care: a Scottish perspective. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 12(4), pp.347-361 Department For Children, S.A.F., 2009. Improving the Educational Attainment of Children in care ( Looked after Children ) Attainment of Children in Care ( Looked after Children ), Social Exclusion Unit, 2003. Social Exclusion Unit Report A better education for children in care., Scottish Executive (date unknown) About looked after children. http://www.lookedafterchildrenscotland.org.uk/about/index.asp [accessed on 7th October 2010] Scottish Government, 2008. Count Us In. Improving the Education of our Looked after Children., Scottish Government (2004) Childrens Social Work Statistics 2003-04. Available online at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/10/20121/45478 [accessed 11th January 2011] Connelly, G., Seibelt, L. Furnivall, J., 2008. Glasgow Project Report Supporting Looked After Children and Young People at School : A Scottish Case Study. Assessment. Jacklin, A., Robinson, C. Torrance, H., 2006. When lack of data is data: do we really know who our lookedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ after children are? European Journal of Special Needs Education, 21(1), pp.1-20. Coulling, N., 2000. Definitions of Successful Education for the Looked After Child: a Multi-agency Perspective. Support for Learning, 15(1), pp.30-35. Therapies for Cancer Treatment: An Analysis Therapies for Cancer Treatment: An Analysis Immunotherapy Better understanding of the biology of cancer cells has led to the development of biologic agents that mimic some of the natural signals that the body uses to control cell growth. Clinical trials have shown that this cancer treatment, called  biological response modifier (BRM) therapy,  biologic therapy,  biotherapy, or  immunotherapy, is effective for several cancers. Some of these biologic agents, which occur naturally in the body, can now be made in the lab. Examples are interferons, interleukins, and other cytokines. These agents imitate or influence the natural immune response of the body. By altering the cancer cell growth or by acting indirectly to help healthy cells control the cancer. One of the most exciting applications of biologic therapy has come from identifying certain tumor targets, called antigens, and aiming an antibody at these targets. This method was first used to find tumors and diagnose cancer and more recently has been used to treat cancer cells. Scientists produce monoclonal antibodies that are specifically targeted to chemical components of cancer cells. Refinements to these methods, using recombinant DNA technology, have improved the effectiveness and decreased the side effects of these treatments. The first therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, rituximab (Rituxan) and trastuzumab (Herceptin) were approved during the late 1990s to treat lymphoma and breast cancer, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies are now routinely used to treat certain cancers. Scientists are also studying vaccines that boost the body’s immune response to cancer cells. For instance, a 2009 lymphoma study looked at personalized vaccines made from tissue from each patient’s tumor. Encouraging results showed that patients who received the vaccine lived longer disease-free than those who did not. In 2010, the FDA approved Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), a cancer vaccine for metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (prostate cancer that has spread and is no longer responding to hormone treatment). Unlike a preventive vaccine, which is given to prevent disease, Provenge boosts the body’s immune system’s ability to attack cancer cells in the body. This treatment helps certain men with prostate cancer live longer, though it does not cure the disease. Targeted therapy Until the late 1990s nearly all drugs used in cancer treatment (with the exception of hormone treatments) worked by killing cells that were in the process of replicating their DNA and dividing to form 2 new cells. These chemotherapy drugs also killed some normal cells but had a greater effect on cancer cells. Targeted therapies work by influencing the processes that control growth, division, and spread of cancer cells, as well as the signals that cause cancer cells to die naturally (the way normal cells do when they are damaged or old). Targeted therapies work in several ways. Growth signal inhibitors: Growth factors are hormone-like substances that help to tell cells when to grow and divide. Their role in fatal growth and repair of injured tissue was first recognized in the 1960s. Later it was realized that abnormal forms of growth factors or abnormally high levels of growth factors contribute to the growth and spread of cancer cells. Researchers also started to understand how cells recognize and respond to these factors, and how that can lead to signals inside the cells that cause the abnormal features found in cancer cells. Changes in these signal pathways have also been identified as a cause of the abnormal behaviour of cancer cells. During the 1980s, scientists found that many of the growth factors and other substances responsible for recognizing and responding to growth factor are actually products of oncogenes. Among the earliest targeted therapies that block growth signals are trastuzumab (Herceptin), gefitinib (Iressa), imatinib (Gleevec), and cetuximab (Erbitux). Current research has shown great promise for treatments in some of the more deadly and hard-to-treat forms of cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer, advanced kidney cancer, and glioblastoma. Second-generation targeted therapies, like dasatinib (Sprycel) and nilotinib (Tasigna), have already been found to produce faster and stronger responses in certain types of cancer and were better tolerated. Angiogenesis inhibitors Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood vessels. The term comes from 2 Greek words: angio, meaning â€Å"blood vessel,† and genesis, meaning â€Å"beginning.† Normally, this is a healthy process. New blood vessels, for instance, help the body heal wounds and repair damaged tissues. But in a person with cancer, this same process creates new, very small blood vessels that give a tumor its own blood supply and allow it to grow. Anti-angiogenesis agents are types of targeted therapy that use drugs or other substances to stop tumors from making the new blood vessels they need to keep growing. This concept was first proposed by Judah Folk man in the early 1970s, but it wasn’t until 2004 that the first angiogenesis inhibitor, bevacizumab (Avastin), was approved. Currently used to treat advanced colorectal, kidney, and lung cancers, bevacizumab is being studied as treatment for many other types of cancer, too. Many new drugs that block angiogenesis have become available since 2004. Apoptosis-inducing drugs Apoptosis is a natural process through which cells with DNA too damaged to repair – such as cancer cells – can be forced to die. Many anti-cancer treatments (including radiation and chemotherapy) cause cell changes that eventually lead to apoptosis. But targeted drugs in this group are different, because they are aimed specifically at the cell substances that control cell survival and death. Novel Approaches for Cancer Treatment Liposomes: Liposomes were first introduced by Bangham in 1965 and afterwards became the most popular and versatile tool in controlled and targeted drug delivery.Since liposomes were first described 45 years ago [19] they have gained interests for a variety of applications including drug delivery [20].Liposomes used for drug delivery are usually about 100 nm in size and are made up of a single bilayer. As liposomes comprise an aqueous core sealed off by a PL membrane both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs can be accommodated in their respective compartments [18].Liposomes consist of spherical lipid bilayers that can be produced from phospholipids and cholesterol. Liposomes can encapsulate a variety of molecules, such as small drug molecules, proteins and many other bioactive(s). These vesicles are generally considered as biodegradable and imperceptibly immunogenic,and can also be used for a large number of biomedical applications. Recently, DOX and fluoxetine encapsulated liposomes hav e been reported to be effective formulation against drug-resistant MCF-7 cells. It was observed that liposomes significantly reduced tissue bio distribution of anticancer agents with improvedcytotoxicity. Liposomes are simple colloidal vesicles with an aqueous interior enclosed by a membrane usually composed of phospholipid (PL) molecules. PLs, the major components of biological membrane are amphiphilic compounds with a polar head group and lipophilic acyl chains. PLs can be classified according to type of polar head group, fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation.When bilayer forming PLs are dispersed in aqueous media they will spontaneously align themselves in a manner to reduce interactions between the polar media and the hydrophobic fatty acid chains. Consequently, bilayer structures, i.e. liposomes, may be formed. Liposomes may consist of one or more bilayers (lamellae) and of sizes ranging from tens of nanometres to tens of micrometres in diameter. For a review see [17 ]. Liposomes are broadly classified into small unilamellar vesicles (SUV); single bilayer, size 10 100 nm), large unilamellar vesicles (LUV); single bilayer, size 100 1000 nm), multilamellar vesicles (MLV), several bilayers, size 100 nm 20 um and multivesicular vesicles (MVV), size 100 nm – 20um). Today there are about 15 liposomal based formulationdrugs approved for clinical applications or undergoing clinical evaluation,Liposomes in cancer treatment Conventional cytostatic used in cancer treatment are small molecular weight molecules [4]. Such molecules distribute non-specifically to both healthy and tumour tissue resulting in therapy limiting toxicities. To increase the therapeutic-to-toxicity ratio cytostatic can be encapsulated into small liposomes (~100 nm), which accumulate in tumours due to the 14enhanced permeability and retention effect [21]. Here, leaky tumour vessels allow macromolecules to extravagate into tumour tissue, whilst reduced lymphatic tumour drainage results in particle accumulation. First generation liposomes used for drug delivery suffered from fast clearance by cells of the monocyte phagocyte system (MPS). By coating liposomes with polyethylene glycol (PEG), i.e. PEGylated liposomes, adhesion of plasma proteins and opsonin to liposomes are decreased. Consequently, immune system recognition is reduced, decreasing MPS uptake and prolongs circulation time [22]. Today, most liposomes used for drug delivery are PEGylated. Cancer is a class of diseases. Which is characterized by out-of-control cell growth.There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected. Nanotechnology has been extensively exploited to improve conventional cancer therapy in the recent years [1–5]. The designed nanocarriers for achieving precise drug delivery to cancer cells are expected to be non-cytotoxic, efficiently load the drugs, enhance the circulation time in bloodstream, and actively target the cancer cells[6]. The nanocarriers currently under intensive investigation can be divided into two categories in generalise. The lipid-based and the polymer-based with liposomes and polymeric nanoparticle as their typical representative respectively. Liposomes, the spherical vesicles formed by single or multiple lipid bilayer, have been widely used due to their high biocompatibility, favourable pharmacokinetic profile, high delivery efficiency and ease of surface modification. In the recent years, several liposomal drug formulations have been approved for clinical use [7]. Limitations of liposomal drug delivery: include insufficient drug loading, fast drug release, and instability in storage [8]. Historically, lipids have been used for several decades in various drug delivery systems including liposomes solid lipid NPs, nano structured lipid carriers, andlipid–drug conjugates. Over the last decade, lipid based nano carriers are viewed as potential tool to encapsulate and deliver variety of pharmaceutical actives[44,45]. The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are the first and second generation of lipid nanoparticles, respectively. The SLNs are composed of solid lipid or a blend of solid lipids while NLCs contain a mixed lipid core (solid fat and oil)[45]. generally regarded as safe [GRAS] nature of lipid and the structural integrity of the polymer. Thus far, the polymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) [46,47], hydrolysed polymer of epoxidized soybean oil (HPESO) [48,49], dextran [50], polyethyleneimine (PEI) [51], LPNs, are prepared by at least three main components are i.e., the lipid, the polymer, and a drug. The fir st way to prepare the LPNPs is to mix the polymeric NPs with liposomes to form the lipid-shell and polymer-core nanoparticles such as lipoparticles where the lipid bilayer or lipid multilayer of the liposomes fuses on the surface of the polymeric NPs.[52–53] The second way to prepare the LPNPs has advantage over the first way in formulating the structured NPs in a single step and thus provides a simpler technology, which combines the nanoprecipiation method and the self-assembly technique to produce the desired structured NPs of lipid shell and polymer core [54,55]Folic acid is selected as the model molecular probe for targeted delivery of the drug to the cancer cells of folate overexpression such as certain breast cancer and ovarian cancer cells. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), one of the most popular FDA approved non-cytotoxic and biodegradable polymers,is used to form the polymer core matrix, which is wrapped by the mixed lipid monolayer shell of three distinct functio nal components:(i) 1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylocholine (DLPC), a phospholipid of an appropriate hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value which is employed to stabilize the NPs in the aqueous phase;(ii) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2k), a PEGlyated DSPE to facilitate stealth NPs formulation to escape from recognition by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and thus increase the systemic circulation time of the LPNPs[28,29],and(iii)1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamineN[folate(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (DSPE-PEG5k-FOL), a PEGylated DSPE of longer PEG chains for the LPNPs to be functionalized by folic acid conjugation for targeted delivery purpose. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS as delivery systems) Super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have emerged as an MRI contrast agent for tumor imaging due to their efficacy and safety. Their utility has been proven in clinical applications with a series of marketed SPION-based contrast agents. Extensive research has been performed to study various strategies that could improve SPION by tailoring the surface chemistry and by applying additional therapeutic functionality. Research into the dual-modal contrast uses of SPION has developed because these applications can save time and effort by reducing the number of imaging sessions. In addition to multimodal strategies, efforts have been made to develop multifunctional nanoparticles that carry both diagnostic and therapeutic cargos specifically for cancer. Advances in nanotechnology have permitted new possibilities for theranostics, which are defined as the combination of therapy and imaging within a single platform [56, 57]. Nanotechnology is applied to molecular imaging in the form of imaging probes capable of enhancing the sensitivity of the image and the specificity toward the target tissue. Usually, the imaging probeconsists of nanoparticles conjugated with active targeting ligands [58, 59]. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) have a superparamagnetic iron core, which makes them useful as T2 contrast agents for MRI. SPION can be detected withhigh sensitivity, and both the iron and polymer components of SPION are biocompatible and degradable [60].The size of iron oxide nanoparticles plays a major rolein target cell uptake and elimination from the body. Spleen and liver capture nanoparticles of more than 200 nm in diameter whereas particles having sizes below 10 nm are selectively filtered by renal systems and eliminated from body [61].The majority of nanoparticles in development include drug conjugates and complexes, micelles, dendrimers, vesicles, core–shell particles, microbubbles, and carbon nanotubes [62]. Dendrimer-based Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment Nanotechnology has led to a remarkable convergence of disparate fields including biology, applied physics, optics, computational analysis, and modeling, as well as materials science. Because of this, the application of nano scale analytical, computational, and synthetic approaches to understanding and manipulating complex biological systems offers incredible potential for advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recent work has suggested that nanoparticles in the form of dendrimers may be a keystone in the future of therapeutics. The field of oncology could soon be revolutionized by novel strategies for diagnosis and therapy employing dendrimer-based nano therapeutics. Several aspects of cancer therapy would be involved. Diagnosis using imaging techniques such as MRI will be improved by the incorporation of dendrimers as advanced contrast agents. This might involve novel contrast agents targeted specifically to cancer cells. Dendrimers can also be being applied to a variety of cancer therapies to improve their safety and efficacy. A strategy, somewhat akin to the â€Å"Trojan horse,† involves targeting anti-metabolite drugs via vitamins or hormones that tumors need for growth. Further applications of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, and gene therapy for cancer are being examined.Most cancer therapeutics are small drug molecules that after being ingested or injected into the bloodstream can easily diffuse through vascular pores and the extracellular matrix to reach tumors. Complex therapeutics that involve drug delivery mechanisms or imaging moieties have tended to be much larger. While the exact size of molecules thatcan easily transverse vascular pores from the bloodstream and reach tumor tissue is unclear, it is probably limited to the size of proteins (

Evaluating Nutrition Information on the Internet

Evaluating Nutrition Information on the Internet Critiquing Instructions Found on the Web: Choose one nutrition-related website from the list under Website A and one nutrition-related website from the Website B list (see page 3). Evaluate each of these sites by completing the chart below.   Website A Website B Complete URL address http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/021313p38.shtml http://www.weightloss.com/WeightLoss/index.html Title of website Today’s Dietitian Weightloss.com What is the source of the website? Who is responsible for the site (.gov, .edu, .com, .net)? Great Valley Publishing Company, Inc. It is a .com Genentech USA, inc It is also a .com Comment on the sites authority – what are the author’s credentials? Aglaà ©e Jacob, MS, RD is a freelance writer who specializes in diabetes education and digestive health, and is currently studying naturopathic medicine in Toronto. The website does not state who the author is. Genentech describes their work as, they â€Å"use human genetic information to discover, develop, manufacture and commercialize medicines to treat patients with serious or life-threatening medical conditions.† How current is the website? Provide the publication or copyright date. The websites copyright date is 2014 The articles issue date is Feb 2013 The websites copyright date is 2014 What is the websites main purpose: commercial (to sell), informational, educational, persuasive, entertainment or a hoax? I would put it in more of an informative/persuasive website with a little bit of a commercial undertone. Even though it doesn’t have third party advertisements to sell you products it is still trying to promote the sales of the magazine. Todays Dietitianis a magazine for nutrition professionals to inform them about changes in the nutrition world. To help an individual lose weight. I would put it in more of an educational/persuasive/commercial website. Even though it doesn’t have third party advertisements to sell you products it is still trying to promote its own weight loss medication. It isn’t entertaining or a hoax. The first 5 tabs the website is just trying to help a person start the process of losing weight. It gives you step by step directions on how to talk to your doctor about losing weight; it teaches you how to read a food label. It even quizzes you about fat facts. On the very last tab â€Å"helpful tools† it does tell you to talk to your doctor about their weight loss medication Xenical. Are there advertisements? Is the site selling any products? If so, what is it? There are no outside advertisements but the website does promote its own subscription. No products are being actually sold on the weightloss.com website but it does suggest that you talk to your doctor about their weight loss medication. Interestingly enough if you go to the parent company’s website and look under â€Å"product information† the weight loss medication isn’t listed. Only under the â€Å"for patients† â€Å"our medication† tab does it show Xenical as a product they manufacture. Summarize the main point(s) of the website. The main point of this article is that there is a possible connection between autoimmune diseases and the over absorption of incompletely digested protein and antigens in the intestinal lining. The first tab is how to talk to your doctor. The second tab is all about eating healthy and how to do so. The third tab is about exercise how to create a plan and get started. The fourth tab is to be positive and how to stay positive. The fifth tab â€Å"helpful tools† has the sales pitch for Xenical. Who is the target audience? Registered dietitians, athletes, medical doctors, moms, students, etc. Clinical dietitians, consultant dietitians, clinical nutrition counselors, foodservice managers, certified diabetes educators, primary health coaches, and pharmaceutical professionals. Also distributed to hospitals, educational facilities, nursing homes, government agencies, food companies, and correctional facilities. Overweight individuals. Comment on the overall visual appearance of the website. (Is there any pictures or illustrations?) The webpage is bright and colorful. On the top it has a bright green color with images of droplets of water and a ghost image of a fern leaf, to me making it look fresh. In the actual article we see the magazine’s cover of the issue when the article was published. It’s a very boring website in the way of appearance. The actual interactive portion of the website doesn’t even take up a whole page. There are total of 4 pictures of happy â€Å"normal healthy† people and they change when you go through the different tabs. Comment on the writing style. Is there any persuasion? What kind of language is used? Is it poorly written? Provide an example. It is very informative and detailed. There is a scientific base with the studies and theories. At one point it does go into more of a persuasive article when it states that â€Å"according to the theory† â€Å"Once gluten is removed from the diet, serum zonulin levels decrease, the intestine resumes its baseline barrier function, the autoantibody titers are normalized, the autoimmune process shuts off and, consequently, the intestinal damage heals completely.† As that is someone’s opinion and not a fact, as of yet. It’s an easy to read website, no big words. It explains each somewhat technical word so anyone can understand. It does put a lot of emphasis on getting the information from your doctor. It is definitely pushing you to go to your doctor’s office to work up your weight loss plan and goals. â€Å"When it comes to your weight and your health, your doctor is there to advise you that losing excess weight should be an important priority. So talk to your doctor. Together you can find ways to manage your weight successfully.† Are there links to other reliable sites such as a bibliography and /or references? If so, how many references are listed? Yes there are references. There are a total of 5 references. No references, but under the â€Å"nutritional guidelines† tab they do mention that they got the information form 6 reputable websites. Here is a set of common dietary guidelines offered by six national health organizations* *The American Heart Association, the American Cancer Society, the American Dietetic Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the National Institutes of Health, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition Summarize: Comment on the overall differences you observed between the two websites. Would you utilize either of the site’s nutrition information personally or recommend it to another person? Explain using at least one specific example from each site. Refer to Table C1-3 in the textbook . The overall differences that jump out to me is that the webpage â€Å"Today’s Dietitian† seems more put together and I feel that someone has actually put effort into it so people will take it seriously. It looks more professional, it has better colors, it’s brighter, and way more open about who is responsible for it. I would recommend the website Today’s Dietitian because it is the more reputable of the 2 websites. â€Å"Weightloss.com† does seem like it has correct information and great recipes for a low-fat diet, but it just doesn’t have the references and sources to back up its information, whereas, â€Å"Today’s Dietitian† shows where and how it got its information at the end of the article. Plus â€Å"Weightloss.com† puts a lot of the information onto your doctor, it pushes you too see your doctor because that’s the only way to get their medication is by prescription. Website A http://www.gssiweb.com/ Choose one article under the Sports Science Library to review. http://www.cancer.org/Healthy/EatHealthyGetActive/index?ssSourceSiteId=null Review one article under Eat Healthy and Get Active http://www.jissn.com/ Review any open access article http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/021313p38.shtml Article on Gut Health and Autoimmune Diseases http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/pdf/1479-5868-10-20.pdf Research on time spent sitting related to chronic diseases Website B http://www.muscleandstrength.com/articles/main.html Choose one article to review that is related to health and nutrition http://www.weightloss.com/ http://www.kriskris.com/how-to-lose-weight-fast/ http://www.mothernature.com/library/ency/index.cfm/id/1033009 http://www.latimes.com/features/health/fitness/la-he-obesity-cancer-20100322,0,2957276.story http://www.proteinpowder.net/

John Dereks Tarzan the Ape Man Essay -- Film Movies

John Derek's Tarzan the Ape Man For the last one hundred years, Tarzan has graced movie screens all around the world. Edgar Rice Burroughs’ creation has caught the eye of entertainment in a major way. While movies of Tarzan have come and gone, a unique 1981 version of Tarzan the Ape Man stuck out. This controversial film uses the book from Jane Porter’s (Bo Derek, who is also the producer) point of view. It is a sexy film, where fantasies are fulfilled and dreams come true. The motion picture primarily focuses on Jane’s take of her relationship with Tarzan (Miles O’Keeffe). This modern version of Burroughs’ Tarzan of the Apes has a distinctively romantic theme throughout. Jane Porter’s role as damsel in distress is shown through her first interaction with Tarzan. A quick dip in the water turns into a battle with an enormous boa constrictor. Fulfilling his role as heroic savage, Tarzan swings into the water from the treetops and wrestles the snake off of Jane. Interesting enough, he does so without his infamous knife. The knife was a symbol of his civilization in Burroughs’ book. Derek takes away this civilization in order to create the perfect primitive savage. A person, particularly a woman, would not see a man thrashing at an animal with blood flying everywhere, as an attractive scene. Since this film is a woman’s fantasy, Derek leaves out the knife for it is an impurity to Tarzan’s appealing role. At the conclusion of the fight with the snake, Tarzan carries Jane into the jungle to safety where Tarzan himself passes out. The first sign of Jane’s infatuation with Tarzan is revealed as she comfo rts him. While Tarzan is unconscious, Jane strokes his body, everywhere. She makes it ... ... Tarzan runs off. In the final epic rescue of Jane, Tarzan attacks the tribe which has abducted her and her father. After killing the tribe’s greatest warrior, Tarzan frees Jane, and runs off with her to the jungle. Jane sees the nighttime as an opportunity to carry out her fantasy with the Great White Ape. They gaze into each other’s eyes and proceed to spend the rest of the night intertwined. Throughout the film, Jane’s fixation with Tarzan is apparent. It takes a contrasting perspective compared to Burroughs’ Tarzan, where Tarzan has the fixation with Jane. Bo Derek transforms the â€Å"innocent Victorian† Jane into a powerful, demanding woman. Initially hearing â€Å"there is much to fear† about Tarzan, Jane decides against common thought. Tarzan’s primitive savagery appeals greatly to Jane. Her passion for the noblest of savages is everlasting.

The Use of Force :: essays research papers

The doctor in "The Use of Force" is very unprofessional. He describes the patient in a very infatuated way. The doctor also abhors the way the parents of the patient referred to him. And the doctor treats the patient aggressively. From the moment the doctor enters the house. He introduces the girl to us in an infatuated sense. He saw her as a "very attractive little thing" and he described her to have "magnificent blonde hair†¦ one of those picture children often reproduced in advertising leaflets and the photogravure sections of the Sunday papers." Throughout the process of the examination we see that he "had already fallen in love with the savage brat.† The doctor forces the examination on the girl for the sense of self-enjoyment. As he said, "it was a pleasure to attack her." The doctor seemed very unprofessional when he detested the way the mother, referred to him. When the mother told her daughter that he is a â€Å"nice man† and that he won't hurt her, he became very impatient and mad. This is very ironic because all parents usually tell their kids that doctors are nice people. Why did he become angry with that comment? Ironically enough, doctors are supposed to be nice to their patients and the parents of the patients, at least the professional ones. Doctors are usually extra tolerant towards kids, and are trained to handle kids like this specific patient, who do not wish to cooperate. In attempt to examine the patient, the doctor acted extremely unprofessionally. The doctor was very forceful and harsh. When the young patient wouldn’t allow the doctor to look into her throat, the doctor forced the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth, and the patient broke the tongue depressor. The doctor at that point had become violent, and decided upon continuing the examination with additional power towards the young patient. While the young patients’ mouth was bleeding because of the broken wooden depressor, the doctor forced the handle of a smooth metal spoon into the patient’s mouth.

Freedom and Determinism

â€Å"Freedom, Determinism, and the Case for Moral Responsibility: A Look Back at the Murder of Jamie Bulger† begins by telling of the heinous crime that is the centerpiece of this paper. On February 12th 1993, British toddler Jamie Bulger abducted at a local shopping mall in Liverpool, England. Evidence that the two year old was beaten, sexually molested, and clubbed to death with bricks and an iron bar before discarding his body on train tracks. The age of his two assailants, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, ten years old.Then they begin to explain the difference of opinions on the responsibility of the murderers. One side labels the boys as savages and criminals, while the other argues that they are â€Å"victims of broader social, economic, and cultural processes. † Sparking the question, are we truly responsible for how we act in society? The essay then moves on to the defense of determinism and how it relates to this specific event, stating that, â€Å"From a de terminist point of view, Jon Venables’s and Robert Thompson’s fate was set even before their birth.Born to ill-educated, working class parents, the details of the boys’ lives constitute a veritable catalogue of social ills. † The paper enlightens us on the rough and negative environments that both Jon Venables and Robert Thompson were raised in. Jon’s parents were â€Å"unstable and depressed,† and his dad eventually abandoned his abusive mother, himself and his â€Å"developmentally challenged† siblings. Thompson was the second youngest of â€Å"seven violent and aggressive boys†¦ one of whom was an arsonist and another who was a master thief. His parents were drunks and he witnessed his mother being beaten by his father in many alcoholic driven violent outbursts. The question is raised if Venables and Thompson are morally responsible for the actions leading to the murder of little Jamie. Here is where the paper really dives int o the determinist philosphy, stating â€Å"the Determinist argument holds that a person’s heredity and environment fix the choice before it is made. † Using legitimate sources such as â€Å"The Delusion of Free Will† by Robert Blatchford and â€Å"What Means This Freedom† by John Hospers, the essay presents sound reasoning to the determinist view.Taking from Blatchford, the point â€Å"that teaching is part of our environment and that we act as we have been taught that we ought to act. Thus, though we may act as we choose, we will choose as heredity and environment cause us to choose† John Hospers suggests that one holds no responsible for any of ones actions because actions â€Å"grow out of his character, which is shaped and molded and made what it is by influences . . . that were not of his own making or choosing† The paper also presents some arguments against the deterministic view from the free will perspective.Another essay, â€Å"A B rief Defense of Free Will† by Tibor Macha, and his opinion â€Å"the fact that some people with bad childhoods turn out to be crooks while others are decent would seem to indicate that people can cause and are responsible for at least some of what they do,† is examined. In â€Å"The Problem of Free Will,† W. T. Stace states, â€Å"In the case of Jamie Bulger’s murderers, young as they were at the time, the drive to inflict unimaginable pain on the toddler, at the moment they did it, does not seem to have been externally caused. They desired to do it. They were not motivated by any external factor, such as the proverbial gun to the head.They were morally responsible for their action and thus deserved to be punished. † While this paper makes a reasonable and knowledgeable argument for us to try to look at crimes like this from a more deterministic view, I have a hard time converting. Being that I am a criminal justice major, I am aware that there are many different theories on why crimes are committed, and not only what should be done to help prevent them from happening again, but what kind of treatment or punishment the perpetrator(s) should receive to more effectively rehabilitate them.I am one that stands with firm justice on brutal acts like this, regardless of age. Although in a violent and criminalistic environment, the kids were not directly forced to commit such a gruesome act, nor did they ever witness it from their parents. Therefore, in my opinion, the responsibility lies within the kids for their desire to not only torture, but kill.

Ethics in Advertisement of United Colors of Benetton

As the students of MME (Economics and Management studies), we have chosen the topic, which involves our study program, which is the Marketing and Consumer behavior. Our topic is focused on the advertisement and the practices of United Colors of Benetton Company. Their way of marketing seems to be directed â€Å"another way† and it has been discussed several times whether their strategy is ethical or not in the past. First we would like to highlight the basics of the United colors of Benetton company and then all the classical kinds of moral reasoning theories will be described (Utilitarianism, Deontology) applied on the United Colors of Benetton advertising strategy. Virtue ethics is not going to be discussed as it is not a suitable approach for this case. Utilitarian and deontological approaches are going to serve as a mean for understanding whether it would be wise for Benetton to change its strategy or stick to its traditional way of marketing and ignore the voice of public opinion. The United Colors of Benetton strategy  United Colors of Benetton is an Italian company that thanks to its unusual way of advertising is dicussed all over the world. It is one of a few companies that does not insist on showing its products in the advertisements. Instead of the product controversial motives are used presenting different kinds of social issues (eg. rasism, terrorism, social tabus). â€Å"The Benetton United Colors campaign illustrates how modern advertising has been radicalized into an explicitly political forum. † (Tinic, 1997) Since United Colors of Benetton has started with this advertising strategy many critical reactions have occured. As a result of this negative publicity many Benetton? s adverts were banned in several countries. The criticized aspect is mostly the fact that Benetton is an organization trying to reach the profit and high level of awareness among consumers. Therefore its goal is similar to most of other businesses. However, Benetton? s representatives are trying to persuade the public about their concern in pointing at most dicussed issues in the world and increase general awareness about these problems. United Colors of Benetton uses shocking motives, in other words fear appeal, in its adverts. Fear appeal is used in eg. stop smoking, prevention against AIDS and drugs advertisements. Scary and eye-catching motives are used in the adverts to show what harmful consequences could a certain activity cause. Some of Benetton? s adverts also use fear appeal but the problem is that in regular commercials where fear appeal is presented, possible solution or prevention against the problem is presented in the message (eg. prevention against AIDS – use condoms). Benetton has been trying to call attention to actual social issues but they never provide any other information than the company’s trademark. Beyond complaints about individual Benetton advertisements, there appears to be an undercurrent of unease caused by the fact that social problems have been linked to the sale of designer clothing. † (Tinic, 1997) Therefore our paper is going to dicuss whether the advertisements of United Colors of Benetton are ethical or not based on the theoretical framework related to moral reasoning. The company? s philosophy is based on the conviction of Mr. Benetton who says that â€Å" communication should no be commissioned from outside the company, but it should be conceived from within its heart. The United Colors of Benetton (UCB) emphasizes that the communication should be no longer connected with the consumer but with the individual. â€Å"By entering the universe of values, the brand frees the product from the world of merchandise and manufacturing and makes it a social being of its own. By addressing an individual rather than a customer, the brand can identify its target on the basis not of age or income, but of a shared vision of what is important, starting from a set of common values. † ( Luciano Benetton) First idea of Benetton’s company was written in the early 60’s because their sweaters were marketed into the many different countries with different people’s skin tones. The â€Å"united† name became a metaphor pretty soon thus the name of Benetton’s company was changed to the United Colors of Benetton. One of their first add showing no racial differences saying â€Å"All the colors of the world† was the start of the new era of their many times controversial marketing strategy discussed all over the world. Three separate cycles of building Benetton’s value As it was mentioned above, the strategy of Benetton’s advertising campaign leads to many discussions and criticism and many of ads were prohibited in several countries. Their strategy is divided into 3 main cycles. The cycle of Difference The first and oldest cycle started in the 80’s and was concerning to the racial, religious and sexual conflicts and differences. All the conflicts are based on tabus and on a difference that separates rather than unites. The Benetton’s plan was to integrate opposites and to unite differences under a single flag – the Benetton’s logo. The ads were not so controversial. As in the following cycle – the cycle of the reality. The cycle of reality This cycle starts in the early 90’s as the answer to the Gulf War (the ad showing the war cemetery. This ad was refused to print it by several newspapers. This kind of ads showed the reality of the life – but paradoxly – the most censured campaign showing the newborn baby (as the eruption of real life) caused the biggest scandal. Another campaigns showing the real, high drama situation were censured too. There are pictures of some of them: The pictures of AIDS patient, the soldier and the Albanian emigrants were not taken for the ad campaign but were the agency photos used for conveying styles. They were showing the real world. The cycle of free speech and the right to express it Last and the most recent cycle campaign was actually created as the answer to the second cycle. The reaction to the real life photos was often violent and not accepted by the critics. Benetton has been fighting for having a free speech and right to express it by new kinds of campaigns (trying to highlight the AIDS issues, homosexuality, racism, etc. ) Utilitarianism approach Utilitarianism is the moral reasoning approach theory, which is answering the question, what is right and wrong in various situations. The effects and consequences determine the right or wrong action. The greatest good for the greatest number may be defined as a utilitarian approach. Pleasure and pain measurement is based on the Cost benefit analysis. The founder of utilitarianism was Jeremy Bentham. He was saying that ethics is more or less a mathematical equation (total happiness plus pleasure minus pain). The negative consequences would have a negative impact on the society and it would create the unhappiness. Everyone who would stick to the rule – the security would be given as well as predictability and certainty leading to the overall happiness. For a Benetton’s company the happiness may be described as the total way of the company’s philosophy. Their goal is not only increase their profits but also the social awareness of the real life problems concerning all of us. The pain involves those who protest against the Benetton’s adverts. The amount of those who protest against the Benetton’s adverts is rapidly decreasing and the Benetton’s strategy has been getting more and more accepted. This means that the Benefits (Happiness) outnumbers the Costs (Pain) thus according to the Utilitarian approach of moral reasoning – the Benetton’s campaign is ethical. â€Å"A utilitarian could condone or even prescribe an act of deception if the positive consequences outweighed the negative consequences. † (van den Belt, 2010) From the utilitarian point of view, even if Benetton? s advertisements are being criticized, it still brings a lot of positive results (eg. increased awareness about the brand). Both positive and negative evaluation enable the brand to be seen and perceived among consumers. Deontological approach Deontological approach as well as utilitarian approach are concerned about a practical solution of a problem more than a philosphical/abstract solution that is more typical for virtue ethics. The core principle of both deontological and utilitarian approach is finding the right thing to do in a certain situation. On the contrary, there is a dissimilarity between these two approaches as utilitarianism is more focused on consequences and deontological approach emphasizes side features of the actions (eg. ishonest or fraudulent behavior). In case of United Colors of Benetton , there is a question if it is correct and ethical to use social issues and catastrophical motives in their commercials. According to questions â€Å"What should I do? † or â€Å"What is the right thing to do? † the solution from the moral perspective would probably be elimination of controversial motives from Benetton? s advertisements. The reason why this solution would be chosen is calming of the situation – decrease of criticizm among the consumers. The public would be satisfied ith not being exposed to unpleasant images of Benetton? s adverts. On the other hand, from the business perspective, Benetton would lose its unique way of increasing awareness both about the social issues as well as about the brand. Based on deontological approach Benetton should change its strategy and use less controversial motives. The company should not only think about instrumental values but should also take into account tha fact that â€Å"human beings have moral dignity and possess intrinsic value† (van den Belt, 2010). Due to this reason the company should not only strive for the profit and increased awareness. Choice of less controversial motives or change of advertising strategy could be one of the solutions. â€Å"It is exclusively the good will of the acting person that renders his action morally appropriate, where one should act out of duty, not out of prudence. † (van den Belt, 2010) Moral issue related to this citation are in case of Benetton as follows: ? never injure anyone with your advert messages? but it does not necessarily exclude the fact that ? Benetton? s commercials should always please everyone?. The way Benetton does its advertisements is unique in the market. There have already been many trials of other companies to copy this strategy but they were never successful. Advertising strategy of Benetton is so distinct from others that losing such a competitive advantage in the market could cause harmful consequences for the company. That does not mean that opinions of the consumers should be ignored. The voice of public should definitely be taken into consideration.